The EB-5 Visa

A Complete Guide to the Investor Green Card

The EB-5 program offers foreign investors a direct path to U.S. permanent residency for themselves, their spouse, and their children under 21. No employer sponsor. No degree requirement. No lottery. This guide covers how the program works, what it requires, what it costs, and how long it takes.

What Is the EB-5 Visa?

The EB-5 visa is a U.S. immigrant visa category that grants a green card to foreign nationals who invest in a job-creating American business. Qualifying investors receive lawful permanent residence for themselves, their spouse, and their unmarried children under 21.

In short: invest $800,000 in a qualifying project, create 10 U.S. jobs, and receive a green card.

Where the Program Came From

Congress created the employment-based fifth preference category in 1990 to strengthen the U.S. economy by attracting foreign capital in exchange for permanent residency. The goal was, and remains, to create American jobs. The EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022 (RIA) modernized the program, setting the current investment amounts, creating reserved visa categories, and adding integrity safeguards.

The Program in Numbers

Minimum investment (Targeted Employment Area) $800,000
Minimum investment (outside a TEA) $1,050,000
Jobs each investor must create 10 full-time U.S. jobs
Visas available annually ~10,000, including family members
Conditional residency period 2 years
Who is covered Investor, spouse, unmarried children under 21

The Two Ways to Invest

  • Through a regional center. A USCIS-designated entity sponsors the project. Your role is passive, and you can count direct, indirect, and induced jobs toward your 10. The large majority of EB-5 investors take this route.
  • Through a direct investment. You start and actively run your own business, and only direct W-2 employees count toward the 10 jobs.

The investment minimums and job-creation requirements are the same either way.

Why Investors Choose EB-5

For many families, EB-5 is the clearest and most practical route to green cards for everyone at once.

  • No employer or family sponsor required. You self-petition. Your immigration status is not tied to a job or an employer.
  • No degree, language, age, or business-experience requirement. The bar is the investment and its lawful source, not your résumé.
  • Your whole family is included. One qualifying investment covers you, your spouse, and your unmarried children under 21.
  • Live and work anywhere in the U.S. You are not restricted to the region where the project is located.
  • A path to citizenship. Permanent residents may become eligible to naturalize after meeting the residency requirements.

What Permanent Residency Unlocks

  • Access to the U.S. job market without work-authorization restrictions, including the freedom to change jobs, start a company, or own a franchise
  • In-state or resident tuition rates at many public universities, plus access to financial aid and federal student loans not available to international students
  • Free K-12 public education
  • Eligibility for Social Security benefits, subject to conditions
  • The ability to sponsor other family members for residency

A Note for Investors Already in the U.S.

If you are in the U.S. on a valid visa such as an H-1B or E-2 and a visa number is available in your category, you may be able to file your adjustment of status (Form I-485) concurrently with your EB-5 petition. That can produce a work permit and travel permit within a few months, well before your green card is issued.

What It Takes to Qualify

EB-5 eligibility comes down to five things:
  • Capital. $800,000 in a Targeted Employment Area, or $1,050,000 outside one.
  • Job creation. At least 10 full-time jobs for U.S. workers. Regional center investors can count direct, indirect, and induced jobs. Direct investors count only direct employees.
  • Lawful source of funds. Every dollar must be traced and documented from its lawful origin to the project.
  • At-risk capital. No guaranteed return of capital and no guaranteed rate of return. At risk does not mean the investment must be risky, only that it is genuinely exposed to the project’s performance.
  • A qualifying investment vehicle. The capital must go into a new commercial enterprise tied to a project that creates the jobs.

There is no age, education, language, or nationality restriction. Investors do need to clear standard background, criminal, and medical checks.

Source of funds deserves special mention, because it is where petitions most often stumble. Salary, business earnings, the sale of property or a business, investment income, loans, gifts, and inheritance can all qualify, but each requires a documented, unbroken paper trail. Incomplete tracing is the leading cause of Requests for Evidence and the delays that follow.

See the full EB-5 requirements guide

What an EB-5 Visa Actually Costs

The investment is the headline number, but it is not the whole number. It is also worth separating the two categories cleanly: the investment capital is not a fee. In a well-structured project it is intended to be returned to you once your conditions are removed. The fees below are true costs and are not recoverable.

Cost componentTypical amountRecoverable?
EB-5 investment capital$800,000 (TEA) / $1,050,000 (non-TEA)Yes, subject to project performance
Regional center / project administrative fee~$50,000 to $80,000No
Immigration attorney fees~$25,000 to $35,000No
USCIS government filing fees~$10,000 to $22,000 depending on path and family sizeNo
Other (translations, medical exams, transfers)VariesNo

For a family of four in a rural TEA project, the all-in outlay commonly lands near $900,000 to $930,000, of which the $800,000 investment is the recoverable portion.

One timing note worth acting on: investors who file on or before the September 30, 2026 grandfathering deadline lock in today’s investment minimums.

See the full EB-5 cost breakdown

The Seven Steps to a Green Card

  1. Prepare your source of funds and confirm you qualify. (1 to 3 months)
  2. Retain an EB-5 immigration attorney and select a project. This is the decision that most affects your timeline.
  3. Invest and file Form I-526E. The filing date becomes your priority date, your permanent place in the visa queue.
  4. Wait for I-526E approval. Rural TEA petitions receive priority processing and are currently the fastest track.
  5. Obtain your green card. Adjustment of status (Form I-485) if you are in the U.S., or consular processing if you are abroad.
  6. Hold conditional residency for two years, during which your capital stays at risk and the jobs are created.
  7. File Form I-829 to remove conditions and receive your permanent green card.

How Long It Takes

StageTypical time
I-526E petition, rural TEA (priority processing)~8 to 12 months
I-526E petition, high-unemployment TEA~12-24 months
I-526E petition, unreserved / non-TEA12-24+ months
Adjustment of status or consular processing~6 to 12 months
I-829 removal of conditions~20+ months
Premium processing is not available for any EB-5 form. Your timeline is driven by project type, your country of birth, and the quality of your documentation.

Priority Dates and Visa Availability

Most countries are current, meaning no wait once your petition is approved. China and India face significant backlogs in the unreserved category. The RIA’s reserved set-asides (rural, high-unemployment, and infrastructure) sit in separate queues and, as of mid-2026, remain current for every country, which makes them the strategic choice for investors from high-demand countries.

See current EB-5 processing times and the full timeline

What a Regional Center Is

A regional center is an entity designated by USCIS to sponsor EB-5 projects. It sources and structures projects, handles the compliance burden, pools capital from multiple investors, and deploys it into the project that creates the jobs. Investors in a regional center project hold a passive position, retaining certain voting rights in the investment entity but taking no part in daily operations.

Why Most Investors Choose This Route

  • Job creation is easier to satisfy. Direct, indirect, and induced jobs all count, so large projects clear the 10-job bar with room to spare.
  • The role is passive. You are free to live, work, or start a business anywhere in the U.S.
  • Risk is spread across a larger project rather than concentrated in one small business.
  • The compliance burden sits with the sponsor, not with you.

How the Structure Works

Investor capital goes into a new commercial enterprise (NCE), which deploys it into the job-creating entity (JCE), the project that actually builds and operates the business. Most EB-5 offerings are structured as debt, where the NCE loans the capital to the project for roughly five to seven years, typically with collateral and a defined repayment timeline. Equity structures carry more upside but usually less collateral.

Targeted Employment Areas

A project qualifies as a TEA if it is in a rural area (outside a metropolitan statistical area and any town of 20,000 or more) or a high-unemployment area (unemployment at least 150% of the national average). TEA status is what unlocks the $800,000 minimum. It also carries reserved visas: 20% of the annual allocation for rural, 10% for high-unemployment, and 2% for infrastructure.

What to Weigh Before You Invest

Choosing the project is the most consequential decision you will make. It determines your processing speed, your visa category, whether the jobs get created, and whether your capital comes back. Evaluate:
  • The sponsor’s track record on both petition approvals and repayment of investor capital
  • Whether the project’s I-956F application is already approved, since under the current USCIS model no investor petition is even assigned for review until it is
  • The deal structure: debt or equity, collateral, and lien priority
  • The strength of the business plan and the job-creation projections, and how much cushion sits above the 10-job minimum
  • The developer’s credentials and how much of its own equity is committed to the project

Understand the at-risk rule. No one can guarantee the return of your capital, and any promise of a guaranteed high yield should be treated as a warning sign rather than a selling point. What a disciplined sponsor can offer is conservative underwriting, real collateral, and a clear exit strategy.

Retain an experienced EB-5 immigration attorney. The documentation burden is heavy and the standards are exacting. A misstep can cost months, or the petition.

Timing matters. Petitions filed on or before September 30, 2026 are grandfathered under the RIA. Processing queues lengthen as demand rises, reserved categories are expected to develop backlogs eventually, and children approaching 21 can age out of eligibility. Starting earlier protects all three.

Why FlexPath

FlexPath is an investment-first EB-5 sponsor. We develop and sponsor the projects our investors invest in, and we apply institutional underwriting standards to them, because the way to protect an investor’s green card and their capital is the same: build the project properly in the first place.

That means the questions in the Key Considerations section above are ones we welcome. Ask us about the structure, the collateral, the job cushion, and the exit. Those answers are the substance of an EB-5 decision.

Your EB-5 Journey: A Simple Path

  • Step 1: Connect with us. Start with a conversation about your goals, your country of birth, and your timeline.
  • Step 2: Choose a project and file. Review the offering documents, complete your source-of-funds record with your attorney, and file your I-526E petition.
  • Step 3: Secure your conditional green card. Adjust status if you are in the U.S., or complete consular processing if you are abroad.
  • Step 4: Remove conditions. File your I-829 to confirm the jobs were created and receive your permanent green card.

Start Your EB-5 Journey

Talk to the FlexPath team about how the EB-5 program works, what it would cost in your situation, and which project structure fits your timeline.

Explore EB-5 in Depth

  • EB-5 Visa Requirements → Investment minimums, job creation, source of funds, and who qualifies.
  • EB-5 Visa Cost → The full breakdown of investment capital, government fees, and project and legal costs.
  • EB-5 Timeline & Processing Times → Current processing times, priority dates, and what to expect at each stage.

Frequently Asked Questions

The EB-5 visa is a U.S. immigrant visa that grants a green card to foreign nationals who invest in a job-creating American business. Qualifying investors receive permanent residency for themselves, their spouse, and their unmarried children under 21.

$800,000 for a project in a Targeted Employment Area (rural or high-unemployment), or $1,050,000 for a project outside one. Filing on or before September 30, 2026 locks in these amounts.

Yes. An approved EB-5 petition leads first to a two-year conditional green card. Once you file Form I-829 and show that the jobs were created and your capital remained at risk, the conditions are removed and you receive a permanent green card.

No. EB-5 requires no employer sponsor, no specific degree, no English proficiency, and no prior business experience. The requirements center on the investment, its lawful source, and job creation.

It depends on project type and country of birth. Investors in reserved categories with no visa backlog commonly reach a conditional green card in roughly two to three years, with the permanent green card following several years later.

The capital is intended to be returned, typically within a three-to-seven-year window, but EB-5 rules require it to stay at risk, so no repayment can be guaranteed. This is why sponsor and project selection matter so much.

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